The popularization of civil distributed photovoltaic energy storage relies on the low cost and high reliability of 2V lead-acid batteries. Compared with lithium batteries, 2V lead-acid batteries have mature technology and low cost, without high procurement and replacement costs, greatly reducing the construction threshold of household and small industrial and commercial photovoltaic energy storage systems. With high standardization and strong compatibility, they can adapt to various photovoltaic inverters and controllers with convenient assembly. Meanwhile, the batteries have a high safety factor with no fire and explosion risks, meeting the safety standards of civil scenarios. Their stable charge and discharge performance balances the fluctuation of household photovoltaic power supply and reduces household electricity costs.